Notes for pharmacy

INTRODUCTION •The system that fulfils the transportation needs of the body is cardiovascular system.  • The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.  Main functions of the cardiovascular system are : 1) Distribution of O, and nutrients to all the body.  2) Transportation of CO2 and metabolic waste cells and tissues. 3) Distribution of water, electrolytes, and hormones throughout the body.  4) Parts of the immune system. 5) Thermoregulation. Blood is pumped through a muscular organ of the circulatory system called the heart. It is composed of very strong cardiac muscle tissue and shows rhythmic contraction and relaxation. As a result of this contraction and relaxation, a force is generated that pumps the blood to the entire body along with nutrients and oxygen. Anatomy of Heart Heart is a muscular organ, present in all vertebrates that pump blood to the whole body continnously. •  In humans, its size is equal to the size of a cle

NERVOUS SYSTEM • Introduction Nervous system is a highly advanced network of specialised cells called neurons. • By the help of millions of neurons, nervous system coordinates body functioning and transmits signals between the different body parts. • A single nerve is a collection of various neurones. These bundles of neurons are covered by a protective layer of connective tissue; and this layer can be divided into :  1) Endoneurium : It surrounds each individual neuron. It is a delicate tissue. continuous with the septum that passes inwards from the perineurium. 2) Perineurium : It is a smooth connective tissue that bundle of fibres. 3) Epineurium : It is a fibrous tissue that surrounds and encloses numerous nerve fibre bundles. CNS is the main control centre of the whole system. all external and internal internal stimuli passes to the CNS by means of sense and receptors.  • CNS interpret these stimuli and if necessary response to them example moving away fro